Ridderbos 談到了死亡和 Parousia 之間的中間空間。這是一個非常有趣的主題，並製作了一篇有趣的論文。儘管有些人可能會爭辯說它並沒有太多的救贖歷史意義，但它仍然為那些在基督裡已死去的親人帶來了安慰和保證。它也很激勵人。 Parousia 被定義為基督的第二次降臨。

所以當帕魯西亞發生時，號角會響起，在基督裡死去的人會首先復活。
1 哥林多前書 15:51-53 51 看哪！我告訴你一個謎。我們不會都睡覺，但我們都會改變， 52 轉眼間，轉眼間，最後的號角。因為號角要吹響，死人要復活，不朽，我們也要改變。 53 因為這易朽的身體必須穿上不朽的身體，而這必死的身體必須穿上不朽的身體。

保羅在這裡的解釋應許，當基督再來時，號角會吹響，

在基督裡死去的人會以不朽壞的身體復活。

Ridderbos 爭辯說，當一個在基督裡的基督徒死去時，他會在哪裡？他特別從：

2 Corinthians 5:3-4 3 如果確實穿上它，我們可能不會被發現赤身裸體。 4 當我們還在這帳幕裡的時候，我們就呻吟著，背負著沉重的負擔——不是要我們脫光衣服，而是要我們有更多的衣服穿，這樣必死的就可以被生命吞沒了。

我們渴望不穿衣服，渴望穿上衣服，這樣死亡將被吞噬。 v 8 是的，我們很有勇氣，我們寧願遠離肉體，與主同在。

保羅寧願在家與主同在。但這將是在基督第二次降臨之前，因此榮耀的身體還不會出現。 （507）。所以這就是他在“死亡和帕魯西亞”之間引入“中間位置”的概念。

我認為這與耶穌和十字架上的小偷之間的對話非常吻合。

路加福音 23:42-43 42 他說：“耶穌，當你進入你的王國時，記得我。” 43 他對他說：“我實實在在地告訴你，今天你會和我一起在天堂裡。”

Ridderbos talked about the intermediate space between death and Parousia. This is such an interesting subject and make an interesting paper. Though some may argue there is not much redemptive historical significance attached to it, it nevertheless carries a comfort and assurance to these who have loved ones departed in Christ. And it’s motivating as well. Parousia is defined as the second coming of Christ.

So  when Parousia happens, trumpets sounds, and the dead in Christ will be raised first.

1 Corinthians 15:51–53 ⁵¹ Behold! I tell you a mystery. We shall not all sleep, but we shall all be changed, ⁵² in a moment, in the twinkling of an eye, at the last trumpet. For the trumpet will sound, and the dead will be raised imperishable, and we shall be changed. ⁵³ For this perishable body must put on the imperishable, and this mortal body must put on immortality.

Paul’s exposition here promises that upon Christ return, trumpet will sound, the dead in Christ will be raise imperishable with an imperishable body.

Ridderbos is arguing that when a Christians in Christ died, where would he be? He took especially from:

2 Corinthians 5:3–4 ³ if indeed by putting it on we may not be found naked. ⁴ For while we are still in this tent, we groan, being burdened—not that we would be unclothed, but that we would be further clothed, so that what is mortal may be swallowed up by life.

We long to be unclothed, to be clothed that mortality will be swallowed.  v ⁸ Yes, we are of good courage, and we would rather be away from the body and at home with the Lord.

Paul rather to be with the Lord at home with the Lord. But that will be before the second coming of Christ, therefore the glorified body will not be available yet. (507). So that’s what he introduced the concept of an “intermediate place” between “death and Parousia”.

I think that fits in very nicely with the conversation between Jesus and the thief on the cross.

Luke 23:42–43 ⁴² And he said, “Jesus, remember me when you come into your kingdom.” ⁴³ And he said to him, “Truly, I say to you, today you will be with me in paradise.”